Fantasy The Home Away From Home Characters

[FromScarsToNew]

Please follow this for making characters, if you have any questions about the sheet or the world, don't be afraid to ask. And you don't have to fill out everything, but the more the better.
Character Sheet
BASICS
NAME:
NICKNAME:
TITLES:
AGE:
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN:
BIRTHDAY:
GENDER:
ALLERGIES:
SEXUAL PREFERENCE:
MOTTO:
THEME SONG(S):

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
SKIN TONE:
HAIR COLOR:
HAIR STYLE AND LENGTH:
EYE COLOR:
EYE SIGHT:
HEIGHT:
WEIGHT:
CLOTHING:
ABNORMALITIES (TAIL):
SELF-CARE (MAKE-UP):
FIRST IMPRESSIONS ON PEOPLE:
BODY TYPE/BUILD:
DEFAULT EXPRESSION:
POSTURE:
PIERCINGS:
DESCRIBE THEIR VOICE:

RELATIONSHIPS
MOM:
HOW WELL DO THEY GET ALONG:
DAD:
HOW WELL DO THEY GET ALONG:
SIBLINGS:
HOW WELL DO THEY GET ALONG:
CHILDREN:
HOW WELL DO THEY GET ALONG:
OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS:
PAST LOVER(S):
CURRENT LOVER:
REACTION TO MEETING SOMEONE NEW:
ABILITY TO WORK WITH OTHERS:
HOW SOCIABLE (LONER ETC.):
PETS:
LEAST FAVORITE TYPE OF PERSON:
PARENTAL TYPE (PROTECTIVE ETC):
FAVORITE PEOPLE:
LEAST FAVORITE PEOPLE:

PERSONALITY
WHEN YOU FIRST MEET THEM:
AS YOU KNOW THEM BETTER (AND THEY LIKE YOU):
AS YOU KNOW THEM BETTER (AND THEY DON’T LIKE YOU):
FAVORITE COLOR:
FAVORITE FOOD:
FAVORITE ANIMAL:
FAVORITE INSTRUMENT:
FAVORITE ELEMENT:
LEAST FAVORITE COLOR:
LEAST FAVORITE FOOD:
LEAST FAVORITE ANIMAL:
LEAST FAVORITE INSTRUMENT:
LEAST FAVORITE ELEMENT:
HOBBIES:
USUAL MOOD:
DRINK/SMOKE/DRUGS:
DARK VERSION OF SELF:
LIGHT VERSION OF SELF:
HOW SERIOUS THEY ARE:
RELATIONSHIP WITH SUPERNATURAL:
(IN)DEPENDENT:
SOFT SPOT/VULNERABILITY:
OPINION ON SWEARING:
DAREDEVIL VS CAUTIOUS:
MUSIC TYPE:
MOVIE TYPE:
BOOK TYPE:
GAME TYPE:
SLEEPING PATTERN:
CLEANLINESS/NEATNESS:
DESIRED PET:
HOW DO THEY PASS TIME:
BIGGEST SECRET:
HERO/WHO THEY LOOK UP TO:
WHAT ANIMAL WOULD THEY BE:
FEARS:
COMFORTS:

KNOWLEDGE
LANGUAGES:
SCHOOLING LEVEL:
FAVORITE SUBJECT:
INTERESTED CAREERS:
READING LEVEL:
HOW GOOD ARE THEY AT PLANNING AHEAD:
IMPULSIVE/STRATEGY:

HISTORY
BIOGRAPHY:

 

[ElenaIsCool]

BASICS
NAME: Nano

NICKNAME: Little One, Baby, Dwarf, Mail kid

TITLES: Knowledge Seeker, Dimension And Universe Hopper, Apperentice Mailchild

AGE: Unspecified, looks like a twelve year old though

ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Saggitarius

BIRTHDAY: Unknown

GENDER: Gender Fluid, uses She/Her when feeling like a girl, He/Him when feeling like a guy They/Them pronouns when they're not feeling like being either

ALLERGIES: N/A

SEXUAL PREFERENCE: Unknown

MOTTO: Knowledge Is Life For Me.

THEME SONG(S):

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
SKIN TONE: Naturally, light gray but on other forms, it varies

HAIR COLOR: Black

HAIR STYLE AND LENGTH: Bald but with a floating ponytail following nearby, varies with other forms.

EYE COLOR: Unknown, varies with other forms

EYE SIGHT: Good

HEIGHT: 4'5

WEIGHT: 414llb

CLOTHING: Nano wears a brown coat that has a weird logo on it and the numbers A-51 on the left sleeve and a black T-Shirt within, a red bandanna tied on their neck, khaki pants and boots.


ABNORMALITIES (TAIL):
Nano's eyes are actually endless black voids which change shape depending on Nano's emotions

Nano has no genitals, they just pop up depending on the gender they are comfortable with at the moment

Nano has a spiral tatoo on their neck that signs the deal between them and Khera.


SELF-CARE (MAKE-UP): N/A

FIRST IMPRESSIONS ON PEOPLE: When Nano meets a new person, they are friendly and will occasionally ask questions, personal or not.

BODY TYPE/BUILD: Athletic

DEFAULT EXPRESSION: Curious

POSTURE: Healthy(?)

PIERCINGS: N/A

DESCRIBE THEIR VOICE: Nano's voice sounds like both masculine and feminine child but how dominant they are depends on which gender Nano is comforable with at the moment.

RELATIONSHIPS
MOM: N/A

HOW WELL DO THEY GET ALONG: N/A

DAD: N/A

HOW WELL DO THEY GET ALONG: N/A

SIBLINGS: N/A

HOW WELL DO THEY GET ALONG: N/A

CHILDREN: N/A

HOW WELL DO THEY GET ALONG: N/A

OTHER FAMILY MEMBERS:

Nomus: Nano's parental figure and best friend
Sectovia: Nomus's teammate and Nano's sister figure
Darren: Nomus's teammate and Nano's brother figure

PAST LOVER(S): N/A

CURRENT LOVER: N/A

REACTION TO MEETING SOMEONE NEW: Friendly

ABILITY TO WORK WITH OTHERS: Good. Nano still has to improve their own abilities but needs all the help they can get.

HOW SOCIABLE (LONER ETC.): Ambivert

PETS:
Chompy: A cute hamsterish creature from another dimension. Swalla's brother
Swalla: A cute hamsterish crature from another dimension. Chompy's sister

LEAST FAVORITE TYPE OF PERSON: Traitors

PARENTAL TYPE (PROTECTIVE ETC): Authoritative

FAVORITE PEOPLE:

Nomus, Sectovia, Darren, Melis and Khera

LEAST FAVORITE PEOPLE:

The HOME superiors

PERSONALITY
WHEN YOU FIRST MEET THEM: When you first meet Nano, they seem like a annoying/curious kid who wants to know everything about you

AS YOU KNOW THEM BETTER (AND THEY LIKE YOU): Nano will open more to you and tell you more things about what they know. They might even take you to another dimension nearby.

AS YOU KNOW THEM BETTER (AND THEY DON’T LIKE YOU): Nano would try to improve your relationship and investigate to know more about you. If you don't comply, they will avoid you for a while and not give you crucial information unless needed to.

FAVORITE COLOR: Grey

FAVORITE FOOD: None. Nano likes all sorts of food

FAVORITE ANIMAL: None. Nano loves all animals

FAVORITE INSTRUMENT: Flute

FAVORITE ELEMENT: Air

LEAST FAVORITE COLOR: N/A

LEAST FAVORITE FOOD: None

LEAST FAVORITE ANIMAL: None

LEAST FAVORITE INSTRUMENT: Trumpet

LEAST FAVORITE ELEMENT: Fire

HOBBIES:

Exploring, learning, reading, asking questions, taking care of animals, writing and drawing

USUAL MOOD: Curious

DRINK/SMOKE/DRUGS: None, but might try when desperate for knowledge

DARK VERSION OF SELF: A hopeless version of themselves

LIGHT VERSION OF SELF: N/A

HOW SERIOUS THEY ARE: Serious when needed to be.

RELATIONSHIP WITH SUPERNATURAL: Good, since they has a ghost following them

(IN)DEPENDENT: Independent to an extent..

SOFT SPOT/VULNERABILITY:

Nomus
Animals
Knowledge

OPINION ON SWEARING: Nano thinks it's interesting

DAREDEVIL VS CAUTIOUS: Inbetween

MUSIC TYPE: Pop

MOVIE TYPE: Adventure or Detective

BOOK TYPE: Varies

GAME TYPE: Varies, but they like puzzles the most

SLEEPING PATTERN: Monophasic

CLEANLINESS/NEATNESS: Very clean and orderly

DESIRED PET: A Horwind (A horned bat like cute creature that have lots of magic but are currently endangered in the multiverse)

HOW DO THEY PASS TIME: Nano likes to learn about everything, since they feed on knowledge as it is normal for his kind. Nano also improves their Altering Powers and practices when they have a chance

BIGGEST SECRET: Nano has explored many dimensions and universes, and knows their deepest secrets. They lived in H.O.M.E and found out their true intention, and is currently a runaway and very sought after.

HERO/WHO THEY LOOK UP TO: Nomus, since they saved their(Nano)'s life and took them in.

WHAT ANIMAL WOULD THEY BE: Monkey or Gorrila

FEARS:
Never finding Nomus
Running out of things to learn

COMFORTS:
Books
Hugs
Coffee
KNOWLEDGE
LANGUAGES: Nano can speak the languages of many universes and dimensions

SCHOOLING LEVEL: Primary(?)

FAVORITE SUBJECT: History

INTERESTED CAREERS: Multiverse Hopper

READING LEVEL: Very literate

HOW GOOD ARE THEY AT PLANNING AHEAD: Average

IMPULSIVE/STRATEGY: Strategy

HISTORY
BIOGRAPHY:

Nano was found by Nomus and the rest of Team Z-43 when they went on a trip to another universe. Nano was alone and a baby in a run down and collapsing world when Nomus took them in. Nano was taken to the Home Of Multiverse Explorers, or HOME, a multiversal organization set on exploring every universe and gaining knowledge and taught to travel through dimensions and was assigned to Team A-51 alongside with Vera and Koppo. They were mentored by Nomus to use their Altering Ability (The power to alter the composition, gender or anything of any material or being) and their species shifting(The ability to turn into a species through contact. In Nano's case, a kiss) . Life on HOME was good and normal until Nomus went on a solo mission and never came back. Nano made it their priority to find out what happened to one of the best explorers of HOME but wasn't allowed to leave HOME. Nano didn't listen and went to the nearest Alternate Universe and met Khera, an amnesiac spirit that was cursed to be bound with whoever found him and together found out that the superiors of HOME was gathering all the information to find the weak points of the other universes and take over and made everyone think it was to discover new places and meet new people and such.

When Nano came back, they were caught and was on the verge of expulsion before Melis, the multiversal mailwoman took them in as her apperantice and made Nano swear to not go back to HOME unless they find Nomus. Nano then became a multiversal mailman, sending letters and packages from dimension to dimension and from universe to universe and looking for Nomus's whereabouts at the same time. The tavern was one of the places Melis liked to go to and allowed Nano to go with her this time. Maybe they'll find leads to Nomus's whereabouts and help the other universes against HOME's plans.

 

[Locklaklazarii]

BASICS
NAME: Gaius Julius Caesar
NICKNAME: Caesar or Julius Caesar
TITLES: Dictator, God, Consul, Senator, Pontifex Maximus (Pope), Soldier, Orator, Author
AGE: 55
ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Cancer
BIRTHDAY: 12 July 100 BC
GENDER: Male
ALLERGIES: None
SEXUAL PREFERENCE: Bi-Sexual
MOTTO: Fere libenter homines id quod volunt credunt.
THEME SONG(S):

PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
SKIN TONE: Light White
HAIR COLOR: Salt and Pepper
HAIR STYLE AND LENGTH: Short and Orderly with early Balding
EYE COLOR: Dark Brown to Black
EYE SIGHT: Good
HEIGHT: 5'7"
WEIGHT: Unknown
CLOTHING: Toga Picta
SELF-CARE: Close Shaven
FIRST IMPRESSIONS ON PEOPLE: People always think they know him
BODY TYPE/BUILD: Mesomorph
DEFAULT EXPRESSION: Blank
POSTURE: Very Proper and Upright
PIERCINGS: No
DESCRIBE THEIR VOICE: Deep and slightly gravely, with a calm unwavering tone

RELATIONSHIPS
MOM: Aurelia
HOW WELL DO THEY GET ALONG: N/A
DAD: Gaius Julius Caesar
HOW WELL DO THEY GET ALONG: N/A
SIBLINGS: Julia Minor and Julia Major
HOW WELL DO THEY GET ALONG: N/A
CHILDREN: Caesarion, Marcus Junius Brutus, Junia Tertia, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, Julia, Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus
HOW WELL DO THEY GET ALONG: He dislikes Caesarion and is rightfully angery at Brutus, He is nuetral to Junia, but loves Decimus, Julia and Octavianus
PAST LOVER(S): Cornelia, Pompeia, Calpurnia, Cleopatra VII, Servilla, Eunoe, Nicomedes IV
CURRENT LOVER: N/A
REACTION TO MEETING SOMEONE NEW: He's kind of bored with most people but will try to mine an interesting person for details
ABILITY TO WORK WITH OTHERS: He works well with others as long as his authority is not being questioned, he likes to be the leader or man on top.
HOW SOCIABLE: He does like his alone time and would rather that than be with a monotonous person he is rather sociable and can easily navigate social situations
PETS: No
LEAST FAVORITE TYPE OF PERSON: Someone who doesn't think for themself
PARENTAL TYPE: Absent but Loving
FAVORITE PEOPLE: Octavian, Julia, Decimus, Servilla, Calpurnia
LEAST FAVORITE PEOPLE: Cicero, Cleopatra, Ptolemy

PERSONALITY
WHEN YOU FIRST MEET THEM: He seems purposefully articulate and very poised. He is rather open to giving people a chance and even a second one.
AS YOU KNOW THEM BETTER (AND THEY LIKE YOU): He is cunning, friendly and loyal. He will do what he can to help you.
AS YOU KNOW THEM BETTER (AND THEY DON’T LIKE YOU): He seems domineering, manipulative, cold and calculated, never really talking to you or about you unless it is to his benefit.
FAVORITE COLOR: Red
FAVORITE FOOD: Poultry
FAVORITE ANIMAL: Dog
FAVORITE INSTRUMENT: Lute
FAVORITE ELEMENT: Earth
LEAST FAVORITE COLOR: Blue
LEAST FAVORITE FOOD: Brussel Sprouts
LEAST FAVORITE ANIMAL: Giraffe
LEAST FAVORITE INSTRUMENT: Triangle
LEAST FAVORITE ELEMENT: Water
HOBBIES: Strategy Games and Entertainment
USUAL MOOD: Indifferent
DRINK/SMOKE/DRUGS: He likes to drink light alcohols
DARK VERSION OF SELF: A dominating and unforgiving tyrant
LIGHT VERSION OF SELF: A forgiving and loyal friend
HOW SERIOUS THEY ARE: He is often serious in the company of the public, strangers or rivals
RELATIONSHIP WITH SUPERNATURAL: He claims to be descended from the gods but personally never put much stock in them
(IN)DEPENDENT: Independent
SOFT SPOT/VULNERABILITY: His Children, His Loyalty, and his willingness to give people a shot
OPINION ON SWEARING: Doesn't care
DAREDEVIL VS CAUTIOUS: He's Cautious when the moment necessitates it and is risky when it is most beneficial
MUSIC TYPE: Opera
MOVIE TYPE: Documentary
BOOK TYPE: Historical
GAME TYPE: Adventure or RPG
SLEEPING PATTERN: He sleeps only when he has the time often neglecting it to learn more and do more.
CLEANLINESS/NEATNESS: He is very neat and organized
DESIRED PET: Dog
HOW DO THEY PASS TIME: Reading often
BIGGEST SECRET: His Homosexuality
HERO/WHO THEY LOOK UP TO: Alexander the Great
WHAT ANIMAL WOULD THEY BE: A Dog
FEARS: Obscurity, Incompetence, Stupidity
COMFORTS: Knowledge and Power

KNOWLEDGE
LANGUAGES: Classical Latin, Vulgar Latin, Greek and Gaulish
SCHOOLING LEVEL: He had one of the best Educations money could buy
FAVORITE SUBJECT: Military History
INTERESTED CAREERS: Military Leadership and Political Office
READING LEVEL: He is fluent in multiple languages and has a high comprehension
HOW GOOD ARE THEY AT PLANNING AHEAD: He is very good at planning ahead but is able to improvise when the situations calls for it
IMPULSIVE/STRATEGY: Strategy

HISTORY (I'm a bit too lazy to write up a detailed biography here so just have the Wikipedia (note that the Wikipedia is very brief and heavily biased))
BIOGRAPHY:

Spoiler: Biography

Gaius Julius Caesar was born into a patrician family, the gens Julia, which claimed descent from Iulus, son of the legendary Trojan prince Aeneas, supposedly the son of the goddess Venus. The Julii were of Alban origin, mentioned as one of the leading Alban houses, which settled in Rome around the mid-7th century BC, after the destruction of Alba Longa. They were granted patrician status, along with other noble Alban families. The Julii also existed at an early period at Bovillae, evidenced by a very ancient inscription on an altar in the theatre of that town, which speaks of their offering sacrifices according to the lege Albana, or Alban rites. The cognomen "Caesar" originated, according to Pliny the Elder, with an ancestor who was born by Caesarean section (from the Latin verb to cut, caedere, caes-).The Historia Augusta suggests three alternative explanations: that the first Caesar had a thick head of hair (Latin caesaries); that he had bright grey eyes (Latin oculis caesiis); or that he killed an elephant (caesai in Moorish) in battle.Caesar issued coins featuring images of elephants, suggesting that he favored this interpretation of his name.

Despite their ancient pedigree, the Julii Caesares were not especially politically influential, although they had enjoyed some revival of their political fortunes in the early 1st century BC. Caesar's father, also called Gaius Julius Caesar, governed the province of Asia, and his sister Julia, Caesar's aunt, married Gaius Marius, one of the most prominent figures in the Republic. His mother, Aurelia Cotta, came from an influential family. Little is recorded of Caesar's childhood.

In 85 BC, Caesar's father died suddenly, so Caesar was the head of the family at 16. His coming of age coincided with a civil war between his uncle Gaius Marius and his rival Lucius Cornelius Sulla. Both sides carried out bloody purges of their political opponents whenever they were in the ascendancy. Marius and his ally Lucius Cornelius Cinna were in control of the city when Caesar was nominated as the new Flamen Dialis (high priest of Jupiter), and he was married to Cinna's daughter Cornelia.

Following Sulla's final victory, though, Caesar's connections to the old regime made him a target for the new one. He was stripped of his inheritance, his wife's dowry, and his priesthood, but he refused to divorce Cornelia and was forced to go into hiding. The threat against him was lifted by the intervention of his mother's family, which included supporters of Sulla, and the Vestal Virgins. Sulla gave in reluctantly and is said to have declared that he saw many a Marius in Caesar. The loss of his priesthood had allowed him to pursue a military career, as the high priest of Jupiter was not permitted to touch a horse, sleep three nights outside his own bed or one night outside Rome, or look upon an army.

Caesar felt that it would be much safer far away from Sulla should the Dictator change his mind, so he left Rome and joined the army, serving under Marcus Minucius Thermus in Asia and Servilius Isauricus in Cilicia. He served with distinction, winning the Civic Crown for his part in the Siege of Mytilene. He went on a mission to Bithynia to secure the assistance of King Nicomedes's fleet, but he spent so long at Nicomedes' court that rumours arose of an affair with the king, which Caesar vehemently denied for the rest of his life.

Hearing of Sulla's death in 78 BC, Caesar felt safe enough to return to Rome. He lacked means since his inheritance was confiscated, but he acquired a modest house in Subura, a lower-class neighbourhood of Rome.He turned to legal advocacy and became known for his exceptional oratory accompanied by impassioned gestures and a high-pitched voice, and ruthless prosecution of former governors notorious for extortion and corruption.

On the way across the Aegean Sea, Caesar was kidnapped by pirates and held prisoner. He maintained an attitude of superiority throughout his captivity. The pirates demanded a ransom of 20 talents of silver, but he insisted that they ask for 50. After the ransom was paid, Caesar raised a fleet, pursued and captured the pirates, and imprisoned them. He had them crucified on his own authority, as he had promised while in captivity—a promise that the pirates had taken as a joke. As a sign of leniency, he first had their throats cut. He was soon called back into military action in Asia, raising a band of auxiliaries to repel an incursion from the east.

On his return to Rome, he was elected military tribune, a first step in a political career. He was elected quaestor for 69 BC, and during that year he delivered the funeral oration for his aunt Julia, and included images of her husband Marius in the funeral procession, unseen since the days of Sulla. His wife Cornelia also died that year. Caesar went to serve his quaestorship in Spain after her funeral, in the spring or early summer of 69 BC. While there, he is said to have encountered a statue of Alexander the Great, and realised with dissatisfaction that he was now at an age when Alexander had the world at his feet, while he had achieved comparatively little. On his return in 67 BC, he married Pompeia, a granddaughter of Sulla, whom he later divorced in 61 BC after her embroilment in the Bona Dea scandal. In 65 BC, he was elected curule aedile, and staged lavish games that won him further attention and popular support.

In 63 BC, he ran for election to the post of Pontifex Maximus, chief priest of the Roman state religion. He ran against two powerful senators. Accusations of bribery were made by all sides. Caesar won comfortably, despite his opponents' greater experience and standing. Cicero was consul that year, and he exposed Catiline's conspiracy to seize control of the republic; several senators accused Caesar of involvement in the plot.

After serving as praetor in 62 BC, Caesar was appointed to govern Hispania Ulterior (modern south-eastern Spain) as propraetor, though some sources suggest that he held proconsular powers. He was still in considerable debt and needed to satisfy his creditors before he could leave. He turned to Marcus Licinius Crassus, one of Rome's richest men. Crassus paid some of Caesar's debts and acted as guarantor for others, in return for political support in his opposition to the interests of Pompey. Even so, to avoid becoming a private citizen and thus open to prosecution for his debts, Caesar left for his province before his praetorship had ended. In Spain, he conquered two local tribes and was hailed as imperator by his troops; he reformed the law regarding debts, and completed his governorship in high esteem.

Caesar was acclaimed Imperator in 60 BC (and again later in 45 BC). In the Roman Republic, this was an honorary title assumed by certain military commanders. After an especially great victory, army troops in the field would proclaim their commander imperator, an acclamation necessary for a general to apply to the Senate for a triumph. However, he also wanted to stand for consul, the most senior magistracy in the republic. If he were to celebrate a triumph, he would have to remain a soldier and stay outside the city until the ceremony, but to stand for election he would need to lay down his command and enter Rome as a private citizen. He could not do both in the time available. He asked the senate for permission to stand in absentia, but Cato blocked the proposal. Faced with the choice between a triumph and the consulship, Caesar chose the consulship.

In 60 BC, Caesar sought election as consul for 59 BC, along with two other candidates. The election was sordid – even Cato, with his reputation for incorruptibility, is said to have resorted to bribery in favour of one of Caesar's opponents. Caesar won, along with conservative Marcus Bibulus.

Caesar was already in Crassus' political debt, but he also made overtures to Pompey. Pompey and Crassus had been at odds for a decade, so Caesar tried to reconcile them. The three of them had enough money and political influence to control public business. This informal alliance, known as the First Triumvirate ("rule of three men"), was cemented by the marriage of Pompey to Caesar's daughter Julia. Caesar also married again, this time Calpurnia, who was the daughter of another powerful senator.

Caesar proposed a law for redistributing public lands to the poor—by force of arms, if need be—a proposal supported by Pompey and by Crassus, making the triumvirate public. Pompey filled the city with soldiers, a move which intimidated the triumvirate's opponents. Bibulus attempted to declare the omens unfavourable and thus void the new law, but he was driven from the forum by Caesar's armed supporters. His lictors had their fasces broken, two high magistrates accompanying him were wounded, and he had a bucket of excrement thrown over him. In fear of his life, he retired to his house for the rest of the year, issuing occasional proclamations of bad omens. These attempts proved ineffective in obstructing Caesar's legislation. Roman satirists ever after referred to the year as "the consulship of Julius and Caesar."

When Caesar was first elected, the aristocracy tried to limit his future power by allotting the woods and pastures of Italy, rather than the governorship of a province, as his military command duty after his year in office was over. With the help of political allies, Caesar later overturned this, and was instead appointed to govern Cisalpine Gaul (northern Italy) and Illyricum (southeastern Europe), with Transalpine Gaul (southern France) later added, giving him command of four legions. The term of his governorship, and thus his immunity from prosecution, was set at five years, rather than the usual one. When his consulship ended, Caesar narrowly avoided prosecution for the irregularities of his year in office, and quickly left for his province.

Caesar was still deeply in debt, but there was money to be made as a governor, whether by extortion or by military adventurism. Caesar had four legions under his command, two of his provinces bordered on unconquered territory, and parts of Gaul were known to be unstable. Some of Rome's Gallic allies had been defeated by their rivals at the Battle of Magetobriga, with the help of a contingent of Germanic tribes. The Romans feared these tribes were preparing to migrate south, closer to Italy, and that they had warlike intent. Caesar raised two new legions and defeated these tribes.

In response to Caesar's earlier activities, the tribes in the north-east began to arm themselves. Caesar treated this as an aggressive move and, after an inconclusive engagement against the united tribes, he conquered the tribes piecemeal. Meanwhile, one of his legions began the conquest of the tribes in the far north, directly opposite Britain. During the spring of 56 BC, the Triumvirs held a conference, as Rome was in turmoil and Caesar's political alliance was coming undone. The Lucca Conference renewed the First Triumvirate and extended Caesar's governorship for another five years. The conquest of the north was soon completed, while a few pockets of resistance remained. Caesar now had a secure base from which to launch an invasion of Britain.

In 55 BC, Caesar repelled an incursion into Gaul by two Germanic tribes, and followed it up by building a bridge across the Rhine and making a show of force in Germanic territory, before returning and dismantling the bridge. Late that summer, having subdued two other tribes, he crossed into Britain, claiming that the Britons had aided one of his enemies the previous year, possibly the Veneti of Brittany. His intelligence information was poor, and although he gained a beachhead on the coast, he could not advance further, and returned to Gaul for the winter. He returned the following year, better prepared and with a larger force, and achieved more. He advanced inland, and established a few alliances. However, poor harvests led to widespread revolt in Gaul, which forced Caesar to leave Britain for the last time.

While Caesar was in Britain his daughter Julia, Pompey's wife, had died in childbirth. Caesar tried to re-secure Pompey's support by offering him his great-niece in marriage, but Pompey declined. In 53 BC Crassus was killed leading a failed invasion of the east. Rome was on the brink of civil war. Pompey was appointed sole consul as an emergency measure, and married the daughter of a political opponent of Caesar. The Triumvirate was dead.

Though the Gallic tribes were just as strong as the Romans militarily, the internal division among the Gauls guaranteed an easy victory for Caesar. Vercingetorix's attempt in 52 BC to unite them against Roman invasion came too late. He proved an astute commander, defeating Caesar in several engagements, but Caesar's elaborate siege-works at the Battle of Alesia finally forced his surrender. Despite scattered outbreaks of warfare the following year, Gaul was effectively conquered. Plutarch claimed that during the Gallic Wars the army had fought against three million men (of whom one million died, and another million were enslaved), subjugated 300 tribes, and destroyed 800 cities.

In 50 BC, the Senate (led by Pompey) ordered Caesar to disband his army and return to Rome because his term as governor had finished. Caesar thought he would be prosecuted if he entered Rome without the immunity enjoyed by a magistrate. Pompey accused Caesar of insubordination and treason. On 10 January 49 BC, Caesar crossed the Rubicon river (the frontier boundary of Italy) with only a single legion, the Legio XIII Gemina, and ignited civil war. Upon crossing the Rubicon, Caesar, according to Plutarch and Suetonius, is supposed to have quoted the Athenian playwright Menander, in Greek, "the die is cast". Erasmus, however, notes that the more accurate Latin translation of the Greek imperative mood would be "alea iacta esto", let the die be cast. Pompey and many of the Senate fled to the south, having little confidence in Pompey's newly raised troops. Pompey, despite greatly outnumbering Caesar, who only had his Thirteenth Legion with him, did not intend to fight. Caesar pursued Pompey, hoping to capture Pompey before his legions could escape.

Pompey managed to escape before Caesar could capture him. Heading for Spain, Caesar left Italy under the control of Mark Antony. After an astonishing 27-day route-march, Caesar defeated Pompey's lieutenants, then returned east, to challenge Pompey in Illyria, where, in July 48 BC in the battle of Dyrrhachium, Caesar barely avoided a catastrophic defeat. In an exceedingly short engagement later that year, he decisively defeated Pompey at Pharsalus, in Greece.

In Rome, Caesar was appointed dictator, with Mark Antony as his Master of the Horse (second in command); Caesar presided over his own election to a second consulship and then, after 11 days, resigned this dictatorship. Caesar then pursued Pompey to Egypt, arriving soon after the murder of the general. There, Caesar was presented with Pompey's severed head and seal-ring, receiving these with tears. He then had Pompey's assassins put to death.

Caesar then became involved with an Egyptian civil war between the child pharaoh and his sister, wife, and co-regent queen, Cleopatra. Perhaps as a result of the pharaoh's role in Pompey's murder, Caesar sided with Cleopatra. He withstood the Siege of Alexandria and later he defeated the pharaoh's forces at the Battle of the Nile in 47 BC and installed Cleopatra as ruler. Caesar and Cleopatra celebrated their victory with a triumphal procession on the Nile in the spring of 47 BC. The royal barge was accompanied by 400 additional ships, and Caesar was introduced to the luxurious lifestyle of the Egyptian pharaohs.

Caesar and Cleopatra were not married. Caesar continued his relationship with Cleopatra throughout his last marriage—in Roman eyes, this did not constitute adultery—and probably fathered a son called Caesarion. Cleopatra visited Rome on more than one occasion, residing in Caesar's villa just outside Rome across the Tiber.

Late in 48 BC, Caesar was again appointed dictator, with a term of one year. After spending the first months of 47 BC in Egypt, Caesar went to the Middle East, where he annihilated the king of Pontus; his victory was so swift and complete that he mocked Pompey's previous victories over such poor enemies. On his way to Pontus, Caesar visited Tarsus from 27 to 29 May 47 BC (25–27 Maygreg.), where he met enthusiastic support, but where, according to Cicero, Cassius was planning to kill him at this point. Thence, he proceeded to Africa to deal with the remnants of Pompey's senatorial supporters. He quickly gained a significant victory in 46 BC over Cato, who then committed suicide.

After this victory, he was appointed dictator for 10 years. Pompey's sons escaped to Spain; Caesar gave chase and defeated the last remnants of opposition in the Battle of Munda in March 45 BC. During this time, Caesar was elected to his third and fourth terms as consul in 46 BC and 45 BC (this last time without a colleague).

While he was still campaigning in Spain, the Senate began bestowing honours on Caesar. Caesar had not proscribed his enemies, instead pardoning almost all, and there was no serious public opposition to him. Great games and celebrations were held in April to honour Caesar's victory at Munda. Plutarch writes that many Romans found the triumph held following Caesar's victory to be in poor taste, as those defeated in the civil war had not been foreigners, but instead fellow Romans. On Caesar's return to Italy in September 45 BC, he filed his will, naming his grandnephew Gaius Octavius (Octavian, later known as Augustus Caesar) as his principal heir, leaving his vast estate and property including his name. Caesar also wrote that if Octavian died before Caesar did, Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus would be the next heir in succession. In his will, he also left a substantial gift to the citizens of Rome.

Between his crossing of the Rubicon in 49 BC, and his assassination in 44 BC, Caesar established a new constitution, which was intended to accomplish three separate goals. First, he wanted to suppress all armed resistance out in the provinces, and thus bring order back to the Republic. Second, he wanted to create a strong central government in Rome. Finally, he wanted to knit together all of the provinces into a single cohesive unit.

The first goal was accomplished when Caesar defeated Pompey and his supporters. To accomplish the other two goals, he needed to ensure that his control over the government was undisputed, so he assumed these powers by increasing his own authority, and by decreasing the authority of Rome's other political institutions. Finally, he enacted a series of reforms that were meant to address several long-neglected issues, the most important of which was his reform of the calendar.

When Caesar returned to Rome, the Senate granted him triumphs for his victories, ostensibly those over Gaul, Egypt, Pharnaces, and Juba, rather than over his Roman opponents. Not everything went Caesar's way. When Arsinoe IV, Egypt's former queen, was paraded in chains, the spectators admired her dignified bearing and were moved to pity. Triumphal games were held, with beast-hunts involving 400 lions, and gladiator contests. A naval battle was held on a flooded basin at the Field of Mars. At the Circus Maximus, two armies of war captives, each of 2,000 people, 200 horses, and 20 elephants, fought to the death. Again, some bystanders complained, this time at Caesar's wasteful extravagance. A riot broke out, and only stopped when Caesar had two rioters sacrificed by the priests on the Field of Mars.

After the triumph, Caesar set out to pass an ambitious legislative agenda. He ordered a census be taken, which forced a reduction in the grain dole, and decreed that jurors could only come from the Senate or the equestrian ranks. He passed a sumptuary law that restricted the purchase of certain luxuries. After this, he passed a law that rewarded families for having many children, to speed up the repopulation of Italy. Then, he outlawed professional guilds, except those of ancient foundation, since many of these were subversive political clubs. He then passed a term-limit law applicable to governors. He passed a debt-restructuring law, which ultimately eliminated about a fourth of all debts owed.

The Forum of Caesar, with its Temple of Venus Genetrix, was then built, among many other public works. Caesar also tightly regulated the purchase of state-subsidised grain and reduced the number of recipients to a fixed number, all of whom were entered into a special register. From 47 to 44 BC, he made plans for the distribution of land to about 15,000 of his veterans.

The most important change, however, was his reform of the calendar. The Roman calendar at the time was regulated by the movement of the moon. By replacing it with the Egyptian calendar, based on the sun, Roman farmers were able to use it as the basis of consistent seasonal planting from year to year. He set the length of the year to 365.25 days by adding an intercalary/leap day at the end of February every fourth year.

To bring the calendar into alignment with the seasons, he decreed that three extra months be inserted into 46 BC (the ordinary intercalary month at the end of February, and two extra months after November). Thus, the Julian calendar opened on 1 January 45 BC. This calendar is almost identical to the current Western calendar.

Shortly before his assassination, he passed a few more reforms. He established a police force, appointed officials to carry out his land reforms, and ordered the rebuilding of Carthage and Corinth. He also extended Latin rights throughout the Roman world, and then abolished the tax system and reverted to the earlier version that allowed cities to collect tribute however they wanted, rather than needing Roman intermediaries. His assassination prevented further and larger schemes, which included the construction of an unprecedented temple to Mars, a huge theatre, and a library on the scale of the Library of Alexandria.

He also wanted to convert Ostia to a major port, and cut a canal through the Isthmus of Corinth. Militarily, he wanted to conquer the Dacians and Parthians, and avenge the loss at Carrhae. Thus, he instituted a massive mobilisation. Shortly before his assassination, the Senate named him censor for life and Father of the Fatherland, and the month of Quintilis was renamed July in his honour.

He was granted further honours, which were later used to justify his assassination as a would-be divine monarch: coins were issued bearing his image and his statue was placed next to those of the kings. He was granted a golden chair in the Senate, was allowed to wear triumphal dress whenever he chose, and was offered a form of semi-official or popular cult, with Mark Antony as his high priest.

The history of Caesar's political appointments is complex and uncertain. Caesar held both the dictatorship and the tribunate, but alternated between the consulship and the proconsulship. His powers within the state seem to have rested upon these magistracies. He was first appointed dictator in 49 BC, possibly to preside over elections, but resigned his dictatorship within 11 days. In 48 BC, he was reappointed dictator, only this time for an indefinite period, and in 46 BC, he was appointed dictator for 10 years.

In 48 BC, Caesar was given permanent tribunician powers, which made his person sacrosanct and allowed him to veto the Senate, although on at least one occasion, tribunes did attempt to obstruct him. The offending tribunes in this case were brought before the Senate and divested of their office. This was not the first time Caesar had violated a tribune's sacrosanctity. After he had first marched on Rome in 49 BC, he forcibly opened the treasury, although a tribune had the seal placed on it. After the impeachment of the two obstructive tribunes, Caesar, perhaps unsurprisingly, faced no further opposition from other members of the Tribunician College.

When Caesar returned to Rome in 47 BC, the ranks of the Senate had been severely depleted, so he used his censorial powers to appoint many new senators, which eventually raised the Senate's membership to 900. All the appointments were of his own partisans, which robbed the senatorial aristocracy of its prestige, and made the Senate increasingly subservient to him. To minimise the risk that another general might attempt to challenge him, Caesar passed a law that subjected governors to term limits.

In 46 BC, Caesar gave himself the title of "Prefect of the Morals", which was an office that was new only in name, as its powers were identical to those of the censors. Thus, he could hold censorial powers, while technically not subjecting himself to the same checks to which the ordinary censors were subject, and he used these powers to fill the Senate with his own partisans. He also set the precedent, which his imperial successors followed, of requiring the Senate to bestow various titles and honours upon him. He was, for example, given the title of "Father of the Fatherland" and "imperator".

Coins bore his likeness, and he was given the right to speak first during Senate meetings. Caesar then increased the number of magistrates who were elected each year, which created a large pool of experienced magistrates, and allowed Caesar to reward his supporters.

Caesar even took steps to transform Italy into a province, and to link more tightly the other provinces of the empire into a single cohesive unit. This addressed the underlying problem that had caused the Social War decades earlier, where persons from outside Rome or Italy did not have citizenship. This process, of fusing the entire Roman Empire into a single unit, rather than maintaining it as a network of unequal principalities, would ultimately be completed by Caesar's successor, the Emperor Augustus.

In February 44 BC, one month before his assassination, he was appointed dictator in perpetuity. Under Caesar, a significant amount of authority was vested in his lieutenants, mostly because Caesar was frequently out of Italy. In October 45 BC, Caesar resigned his position as sole consul, and facilitated the election of two successors for the remainder of the year, which theoretically restored the ordinary consulship, since the constitution did not recognise a single consul without a colleague.

Near the end of his life, Caesar began to prepare for a war against the Parthian Empire. Since his absence from Rome might limit his ability to install his own consuls, he passed a law which allowed him to appoint all magistrates in 43 BC, and all consuls and tribunes in 42 BC. This, in effect, transformed the magistrates from being representatives of the people to being representatives of the dictator.

On the Ides of March (15 March; see Roman calendar) of 44 BC, Caesar was due to appear at a session of the Senate. Several Senators had conspired to assassinate Caesar. Mark Antony, having vaguely learned of the plot the night before from a terrified liberator named Servilius Casca, and fearing the worst, went to head Caesar off. The plotters, however, had anticipated this and, fearing that Antony would come to Caesar's aid, had arranged for Trebonius to intercept him just as he approached the portico of the Theatre of Pompey, where the session was to be held, and detain him outside (Plutarch, however, assigns this action of delaying Antony to Brutus Albinus). When he heard the commotion from the Senate chamber, Antony fled.

According to Plutarch, as Caesar arrived at the Senate, Tillius Cimber presented him with a petition to recall his exiled brother. The other conspirators crowded round to offer support. Both Plutarch and Suetonius say that Caesar waved him away, but Cimber grabbed his shoulders and pulled down Caesar's tunic. Caesar then cried to Cimber, "Why, this is violence!" ("Ista quidem vis est!").

Casca simultaneously produced his dagger and made a glancing thrust at the dictator's neck. Caesar turned around quickly and caught Casca by the arm. According to Plutarch, he said in Latin, "Casca, you villain, what are you doing?" Casca, frightened, shouted, "Help, brother!" in Greek ("ἀδελφέ, βοήθει", "adelphe, boethei"). Within moments, the entire group, including Brutus, was striking out at the dictator. Caesar attempted to get away, but, blinded by blood, he tripped and fell; the men continued stabbing him as he lay defenceless on the lower steps of the portico. According to Eutropius, around 60 men participated in the assassination. He was stabbed 23 times.

According to Suetonius, a physician later established that only one wound, the second one to his chest, had been lethal. The dictator's last words are not known with certainty, and are a contested subject among scholars and historians alike. Suetonius reports that others have said Caesar's last words were the Greek phrase "καὶ σύ, τέκνον;" (transliterated as "Kai su, teknon?": "You too, child?" in English). However, Suetonius' own opinion was that Caesar said nothing.

Plutarch also reports that Caesar said nothing, pulling his toga over his head when he saw Brutus among the conspirators. The version best known in the English-speaking world is the Latin phrase "Et tu, Brute?" ("And you, Brutus?", commonly rendered as "You too, Brutus?"); best known from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, where it actually forms the first half of a macaronic line: "Et tu, Brute? Then fall, Caesar." This version was already popular when the play was written, as it appears in Richard Edes's Latin play Caesar Interfectus of 1582 and The True Tragedie of Richarde Duke of Yorke & etc. of 1595, Shakespeare's source work for other plays.

According to Plutarch, after the assassination, Brutus stepped forward as if to say something to his fellow senators; they, however, fled the building. Brutus and his companions then marched to the Capitol while crying out to their beloved city: "People of Rome, we are once again free!" They were met with silence, as the citizens of Rome had locked themselves inside their houses as soon as the rumour of what had taken place had begun to spread. Caesar's dead body lay where it fell on the Senate floor for nearly three hours before other officials arrived to remove it.

Caesar's body was cremated, and on the site of his cremation, the Temple of Caesar was erected a few years later (at the east side of the main square of the Roman Forum). Only its altar now remains. A life-size wax statue of Caesar was later erected in the forum displaying the 23 stab wounds. A crowd who had gathered there started a fire, which badly damaged the forum and neighbouring buildings. In the ensuing chaos, Mark Antony, Octavian (later Augustus Caesar), and others fought a series of five civil wars, which would end in the formation of the Roman Empire.